Among its provisions, the far-reaching new law creates a new Federal Reserve-based watchdog, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to ensure consumers get clear, accurate information necessary to shop for mortgages, credit cards and other financial products. It also protects consumers from hidden fees, predatory terms and deception.
Often called Wall Street Reform, the RAFS Act has many provisions for those who live on Main Street, including a national consumer complaint hotline so consumers will have, for the first time, a single, toll-free number to report problems with financial products and services; a new Office of Financial Literacy; and a new U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Housing Counseling to boost homeownership and rental housing counseling.
The bureau will be lead by an independent director appointed by President Obama and confirmed by the Senate, who will be able to autonomously write rules for consumer protections governing all financial institutions, banks and non-banks, offering consumer financial services or products.
The new director will oversee the enforcement of federal laws intended to ensure the fair, equitable and nondiscriminatory access to credit for individuals and communities.
The new law governs banks and credit unions with assets of over $10 billion and all mortgage-related businesses (lenders, servicers, mortgage brokers, and foreclosure scam operators), payday lenders, and student lenders as well as other non-bank financial companies, including debt collectors and consumer reporting agencies. Banks and credit unions with assets of $10 billion or less will be examined for consumer complaints by the appropriate regulator.
Among it's provisions, the RAFS Act includes help for homeowners and home buyers, including:
• Prohibiting unfair lending. It prohibits "yield spread premiums" and other financial incentives that encourage lenders to steer borrowers to more costly loans and pre-payment penalties that trapped so many borrowers in unaffordable loans.
• Establishing penalties for irresponsible lending. Lenders and mortgage brokers who don’t comply with new standards will be held accountable by consumers for as much as three-years of interest payments and damages plus attorney's fees. The law also protects borrowers against foreclosure for violations of these standards.
• Expanding consumer protections for high-cost mortgages. The new law expands the protections available under federal rules on high-cost loans by lowering the interest rate and the points and fee triggers that define high cost loans. Also, lenders must disclose the maximum a consumer could pay on a variable rate mortgage, with a warning that payments will vary based on interest rate changes.
• Requiring lenders to ensure borrowers' ability to repay. The act establishes a simple federal standard for all home loans: institutions must ensure that borrowers can repay the loans they are sold.
• Requiring additional mortgage disclosures. Lenders must disclose the maximum a consumer could pay on a variable rate mortgage, with a warning that payments will vary based on interest rate changes.
• Emergency mortgage relief. Based on a successful Pennsylvania program, the new law provides $1 billion for bridge loans to qualified unemployed homeowners with reasonable prospects for reemployment to help cover mortgage payments until they are reemployed.
• Foreclosure legal assistance. The law authorizes a HUD -administered program for making grants to provide foreclosure legal assistance to low- and moderate-income homeowners and tenants related to homeownership preservation, home foreclosure prevention, and tenancy associated with home foreclosure.
• Free credit scores. Consumers will get free access to their credit score if their score negatively affects them in a financial transaction or a hiring decision.
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